The reason behind introducing ‘Namami Gange Programme: Ganga or can say Gange is the largest river of India, Gange provides water almost 41% of India’s population which is more than any other river in the world. Ganga poses significant menace to human health and the larger environment.

Severely polluted with human waste and industrial polluting substances. Due to this today, Ganga is considered 6th most populated river in the world. Because of this worst condition several projects introduced but eventually all get failed due to less attention by the committee formed to protect Ganga.

Namami Gange Programme

Ultimately considering this worst scenario prime minister started the announced new project called ‘Namami Gange Programme’. An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores have been spent until July 2016 in various efforts in cleaning up of the river. Visit Here.

Main causes of water pollution:

There are many causes of water pollution of Ganga but the three biggest causes are human waste, industrial waste religious tradition.

Human waste: The river flows through approx. 32 cities and about 48 towns.

Industrial waste: Countless tanneries, chemical plants, on the bank of the Ganga a large number of industrial cities, textile mills, distilleries, slaughterhouses, and hospitals prosper and grow along with this and contribute to the pollution of the Ganga by dumping dangerous waste into it.

Also, the power plant ash is dumped into ponds from which a slurry is filtered, mixed with domestic wastewater, and then released into the Pandu River which meets Ganga.

Religious tradition: In festival seasons, over 60-80 million people baths in the Ganga to clean themselves. Some materials like food, waste or leaves are left in the Ganga which is responsible for its pollution.

Traditional beliefs hold that being cremated on its banks and to float down the Ganga will atone for the sins of those who die and carry them directly to salvation.

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Main supports of the Namami Gange Programme are:

1. Sewerage treatments infrastructure.
2. Riverfront development.
3. River surface cleaning.
4. Biodiversity.
5. Afforestation.
6. Public awareness.
7. Industrial effluent monitoring.
8. Ganga gram.
9. Other parties.

How much Ganga has been cleaned?

Following are the major achievements of Namami Gange Programme:

1. Nearly 14 crore liters/day of sewage water from Sisamau Nala to Ganga river has been stopped.
2. All 4465 villages on the bank of river Ganga have been made open defecation free.
3. 10 lakh individual household toilets have been constructed on the banks of river Ganga.
4. A total of 254 projects worth Rs 24672 crore in progress for river rejuvenation.
5. 6 major STPs projects are underway.
6. Riverfront development works at 145 Ghats and 53 Crematoria are in progress.
7. 11 trash skimmers have been deployed for river surface cleaning.
8. Out of 961 GPI (Gross polluting industries) inspected, action has been taken against 209 non-complying units.

Namami Gange Programme: Know Everything About it! – mcg.nic.in

The Ganga River Action Plan was developed with its important objectives of pollution settlement of the river Ganga. This is very serious issue that Ganga is polluted by the Industrial chemicals and dirty water. But the NGP plan help to get rid of that.

Key Points of NGP:

1. The NGP project will be completed by the year 2020.
2. NGP is an integrated project and it will help to population of India which is dependent on Ganga.
3. The NGP project was initially allocated for the budget of 2037 crores.
4. Many industries discharge the waste directly into the river and then the water gets dirty. So there are near about 48 industries are shut down.
5. In the coming year that 2021 the Rs. 20,000 would be allocated to making Ganga clean and holy again.
6. The employees of the previous government also state some measure issues but they failed to solve it but the Namami Ganga project has strict rules and they work properly.
7. The NGP project will give the local youth employment and ways to make the money. The people who are dependent on the river for fishing will see lots of differences.
8. Now the banks of Ganga River will be free for open defecation. Anyone can provide help using those accounts.
9. Now Namami Ganga and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan both work together in the case.

Plans of NGP to cleaning:

1. The government will apply the bio-remediation systems and its techniques to treat wastewater. By using this method, the industries can also work side by side so the water will not pollute.
2. For water pollution control, the government is planning to use and follow the new PPP approach that is a public-private partnership approach.
3. If in case the sewage goes into the river, then the government needs to face it to avoid and make the other way for it. So they save the water from entering using new methodologies and technologies.
4. The government also provides an introduction to sewage treatment plants to treat the sewage entering inside.

With the help of all this NGP can provide help to cleaning the river.

The need for NGP:

1. The River Ganga has specific economic value, such as the environmental and other cultural values in India.
2. To control non-point polluted from agricultural locations, human defecation, throwing of unburnt bodies of animals and half-burnt body’s humans into the river.
3. To research and develop to save the biotic, diversity of the river and its productivity and development.
4. The new technology of treatment like Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket that is UASBand sewage treatment using forestation is successfully developed.
5. The recovery of resources of options such as the production of methane for energy generation industrial area and extra use of aquaculture for revenue is demonstrated.
6. To providing similar action planning in other grossly polluted places in other rivers.

Important reasons for planning:

The main reasons for planning’s are,

1. To reduce pollution and improve the quality of water with the help of interception.
2. Diversion and treatment of polluted wastage and domestic sewage.
3. To specify the grossly polluting units to reduce their toxic and other types of industrial chemical wastes from mixed with water of the river.

Conclusion:

With the help of this NGP program, everyone understands the main uses and causes of polluted rivers such as Ganga and they can understand how to solve it.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of 2005: People in rural areas of the country are unskilled and are mainly into manual labor. Manual labor in India does not pay much and is just enough to feed the family. Although manual work is far more tiring and laborious the wage for such laborers is not much.

A person, who does manual work such as help in building a wall or an entire building, gets paid INR 300 per day. This is the average pay for such a difficult task. There are certain sectors that pay INR 50 per day as well such as cottage industries that manufacture ‘beedi’.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of 2005

• An average person, who has four members in the family, requires at least INR 15,000 so that they live well, eat well and get a quality education. With INR 50 per day, survival is very difficult. Keeping in mind the above factors, the government of India introduced a scheme, which was initiated by PV Narasimha Rao and is known as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.

• This law aims to provide guaranteed work to every adult living in rural areas. The main focus is on ‘right to work’.

• It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work

• This is known as one of the major projects that were taken up by the government that led to the development of the country in a true sense.

• Another aim of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005is to create durable assets (such as roads, canals, ponds, and wells).

• The scheme also provides the benefit of providing work within 5 km range of the applicant’s residence. If this is not provided then the applicant is provided with unemployment allowance, within 15 days of applying.

• All the Gram Panchayats are supposed to abide by the law and implement it. Takes such as creating infrastructure for water harvesting, drought relief, and flood control are preferred.

• This led to the empowerment of rural women, preserving the environment, reduction in people migrating from rural areas to urban cities and creating a sense of social equality amongst people.

• There are many provisions to safeguard the rights of people who apply under this scheme. The act explicitly mentions the principles and agencies for implementation, list of allowed works, financing pattern, monitoring and evaluation, and most importantly the detailed measures to ensure transparency and accountability.

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National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of 2005

The other information on work that is requested and allocated work is required to be stated and maintain in the JC and Employment Register entries also. This is the schedule of NREF defines under its acts.

Features of NREG:

1. The act of NREF provides the 100 days of the surety of wage employment in the field of the financial year to a rural household and whose adult members are volunteer to conduct the unskilled manual work.
2. In this scheme, 100 out of 10 peoples are proposed for the job and they will be reserved only for women.
3. This NREG scheme can only be primarily started in 200 different districts. After that, the NREG scheme will be further conducted into 600 districts successfully.
4. If the member who applied for it cannot be employed within 15 days, then they will be entitled to a daily unemployment field of allowance.
5. All the adult members of the village which has a poor household and they are willing to do manual work such as the right to demand employment.

6. This type of household needs to apply registration entries to the Gram Panchayat.

 Goals of NREG act:

Normally, every individual act has its specific goals and aims to be achieved and successfully covered. The NREG Act was also integrated and inherited with its aim and goals.

NREG also provides different facilities and those are came under the specific acts.

The different goals of NREG’s are:

1. The important goal is to provide social protection and security for the most needed people who are living in poor locations or villages of India and by providing employment opportunities to them they can also live healthy and wealthy.
2. The use of the NREG act sets the employments, improved water security and pollutions, soil conservation and pollutions, and higher land productivity and development.
3. To build and have efficient drought-proofing and flood management sectors in rural locations of India.
4. Empowerment of the socially is a main and real disadvantage is any people can get, especially women, Scheduled Castes that are SCS and Schedules Tribes that are STs, using the processes of rights and registration for plans.
5. Strengthening and decentralized lands, participatory planning by using the convergence of different anti-poverty and livelihood initiatives and planning.
6. The developing democracy at the roots by exploding Panchayati Raj Institutions and sectors.
7. Effecting and improving the greater transparency factor and accountability sector in governance.

Funding of NREG:

1. Central Government provides the 100% of wages for unskilled types of manual works, and 75% of the needed material cost of the schemes which includes the payment of wages to both types of workers that are, skilled and semi-skilled workers.
2. State Government provides 25% of material which includes the payment of wages to both such as skilled and semi-skilled workers and their payment amount. Other 100% of the unemployment allowance also provided by the state government, in cases of emergency.

Time to criteria of the NREG work:

In schedule1, the act of latest NREG defines that it is opened for the GP for any person no matter if they are men or women, who wants to apply for employment and they want to join to do work of any type under the NREG Act.

Conclusion:

Such schemes lead to the actual development of the country because it provides unskilled people the right to work. The work isn’t just for monetary benefits but also aims at providing better infrastructure, preservation of the environment and also builds the confidence of people living in rural areas.

Midday Meal Scheme: In India, families below the poverty line are deprived of basic nutrition. The result is a lot of death count of children under the age of 14. According to stats, about 1 million infants die within 2 weeks of their birth in the country due to lack of medical facility as well as nutrition value food.

Malnutrition has been a major problem amongst many children in the country because of the lack of quality food resources.

Midday Meal Scheme

• Most of the BPL families, eat just enough food that is required for them to sustain the day, thus adding no nutrition to their food. Many families even eat just one meal a day in order to survive.

• This can be alarming at many levels which is why there was a scheme that was designed by the government of India where children in primary and upper primary classes in government, government aided, local body, Education Guarantee Scheme, and alternate innovative education centers.

Madarsa and Maqtabs, are provided with nutritional food in the educational institution in the afternoon. This is known as the Midday Meal Scheme and it is covered by the National Food Security Act, 2013.

• These kinds of schemes were already launched earlier by the Indian Government and it started in the year 1925.

• This increased the number of children attending school because education at these institutions is free and kids get quality food as well.

• When the stats showed that around 68 lakh children in India suffered from malnutrition was when the Midday Meal Scheme was first introduced as ‘Nutritious Food Scheme’.

• The government also saw improvement in the performance of students in those schools where this scheme was applied.

• In 2001, the Supreme Court ordered all government and government-assisted primary schools to provide cooked midday meals keeping in mind the public interest litigation which is known as ‘right to life’.

• One major factor that supported the scheme was that it mentioned that the conversion costs for a cooked meal, under no circumstances, shall be recovered from the children or their parents.

• The Central Government also allocates funds to meet with the conversion costs of food-grains into cooked midday meals.

• The Central Government makes provisions for the construction of kitchen sheds.

• In the appointment of cooks and helpers, preference was given to Dalits, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

• Attempts were made for better infrastructure, improved facilities (safe drinking water, etc.), closer monitoring (regular inspection, etc.) and other quality safeguards as also the improvement of the contents of the meal so as to provide a nutritious meal to the children of the primary schools.

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Conclusion:

In addition to the above benefits, the government added that in areas that are prone to drought, the meal would be supplied even at the time of summer vacations.

This scheme has improved the literacy level in the country and has reduced the problem of malnutrition; however, there is still the time when we will be able to proudly say that in India there is not a single that suffers from malnutrition.

Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme 2020: India, as a developing nation, needs to work on a lot of things and need a lot of improvement in many sectors. Although the government has introduced many schemes for women, infants, unemployed labor, backward classes, etc.

But there still exists a large chunk of work that is required to be done by the people as well as by the government in order for the country to be truly developed. In 1993, there was one scheme that was launched by the government of India which was known as Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS).

Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme 2020

About the scheme:

• MP’s recommended developmental work to be done in the constituencies that fall under them.

• The emphasis was on creating durable community assets based on locally felt needs.

• The nominated MP’s are allowed to choose any area under their jurisdiction and they get funds by the government for its development.

• Initially, each MP was allocated INR 5 lakh and then it increased to INR 5 crore that is disbursed in 2 installments of 2.5 crores each.

• The funds are provided to the district authorities are isn’t disbursed into the MP’s account.

• MPs need to recommend work worth at least 15% and 7.5% of their funds to create assets in areas inhabited by Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) respectively.

• Funds for Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme is allowed to be converged with Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) for creating more durable assets and with National Program for Development of Sports (Khelo India).

• At this point in time, about 4000 crores are being given to the MP’s for rural development.

Some of the altered guidelines of Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme are:

1. Projects implemented by government agencies would be provided 75 percent of the project cost as the first installment, while those implemented by non-governmental agencies would be provided 60 percent.

2. For smaller projects costing less than ₹2 lakh, the entire amount would be released in one installment.

3. No project that is less than ₹1 lakh would be sanctioned with the exception in the case of essential projects, such as the installation of hand pumps, and purchase of computers and their accessories, solar electric lamps.

4. The list of work that could be taken up under the scheme had been widened. It now includes projects such as the purchase of books that would be owned and controlled by district authorities.

5. As an attempt to improve computer literacy, the purchase of Microsoft Office software along with the training of two teachers per school would be now allowed.

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Conclusion:

This is another scheme that targeted the actual development and emergence of a new India. Although the investment is quite high the mission of improving the country’s economy is being fulfilled by undertaking such schemes.

Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana: Many schemes have been provided by the government to support education for people who fall under backward classes and are below the poverty line.

The level of education that is supported by them is of a secondary and senior secondary level; however, many people fail to avail any education after senior secondary because of lack of monetary resources.

Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana Review 2020

• Top universities in India charge a lot of fees because of the level of education that they provide. Taking this into account, the government came up with a plan which is known as Kishore VaigyanikProtsahan Yojana (KVPY).

• In the above program, the depart of science and technology of the government of India provides a scholarship to those students who want to pursue their career in the field of science and research.

• The major focus of this scheme is to promote research programmes in the country so that it enhances the development of the nation by building better and more efficient systems.

• The students who qualify Kishore VaigyanikProtsahan Yojana Exam are eligible for the fellowship as well as admissions into institutes like IISC or IISER based on additional criteria. This exam has 3 Streams: SA (Class 11), SX (Class 12), and SB (First year BSc). The Student has to score 75% in the aptitude test and interview marks (25%) to get the fellowship.

• The amount provided is INR 5000 per month for undergraduate students from 1st to 3rd year with an annual contingency grant of Rs.20,000 and INR 7000 for post-graduation students with an annual contingency grant of Rs. 28000.

• The exam has two phases where the first result is announced in December the result for the second round is declared in March which is the final result.

• The only other verification that happens apart from this is of the student’s documents and then they are granted the scholarship.

• India, being a developing nation, has billions of young people with teeming minds and innovative ideas.

• If they are given the facility to avail an opportunity then they can help in the development of the nation by providing them, with valuable researches as well as insights.

• The day all of our youngsters are aware of the schemes that have been introduced by the government will be the day when India will be free in a real sense.

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Conclusion:

There are many flaws in such programmes; however, the government always welcomes any suggestions. With the current laws in place, you can write a letter to the PMO (Prime Minister’s Office) and they act immediately. (Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana Review 2020)